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abstract indexed · arXiv 2610.28069 · updated 2026-10-21

Training the Whole Agent, Not Just the Model

First page of Training the Whole Agent, Not Just the Model
From the original paper · arXiv 2610.28069Page 1. Select the image to read the PDF.

The method replaces a fixed, human-designed agent harness with tools, hooks, and task-specific skills evolved by frozen teacher models alongside GRPO policy training, and its deployment artifact is the trained model plus the evolved harness. The full pipeline costs RL training of a 9B policy, teacher-model inference for skill and tool generation, and an accept-reject loop gated on observed pass rate and trainable rate, which exceeds a single 24 GB GPU; the harness-evolution component alone is API-feasible. Failure modes include harness overfitting to training tasks (the paper itself reports up to 7.7 points lost if the evolved harness is removed at deployment), acceptance decisions driven by noisy pass-rate estimates, and tool changes that help the current policy but degrade as the policy drifts.

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What you would change

Try the technique on held-out issues from a repository with reliable tests.

Try the idea on your product

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Compare against

The same coding agent, repository snapshot, tools, and token budget.

  1. Locate the paper's implementation and check its license, model support, data needs, and hardware requirements. Stop here if you cannot obtain the required artifacts.
  2. Save a small set of representative product tasks and expected outcomes. Keep evaluation tasks out of any training or tuning, and choose quality and cost limits before running.
  3. Run the baseline and the proposed change on identical inputs. Keep other settings fixed and repeat paired runs to expose variation.
  4. Save per-task outputs, failures, timings, and all usage costs. Review regressions before expanding the test.

What to measure

Correct patches, regression failures, human repair time, and total cost per accepted change.

When to keep it

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Why it was shortlisted

The technical change, research area, and reason it entered the archive.

recommendation
test
research area
coding agents
technical change
Co-adapting agent harness during RL training
published
2026-10-20

The reader cannot run the full RL co-training pipeline on constrained infrastructure, but evolving tools and hooks via a teacher API gated on measured pass rate is testable at small scale, provided gains are validated on the reader's own tasks since the paper's headline numbers depend on RL training.

About the technical core

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Claims and evidence

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  1. claim 01Paperraft inference
    Read the brief interpretation

    The method replaces a fixed, human-designed agent harness with tools, hooks, and task-specific skills evolved by frozen teacher models alongside GRPO policy training, and its deployment artifact is the trained model plus the evolved harness. The full pipeline costs RL training of a 9B policy, teacher-model inference for skill and tool generation, and an accept-reject loop gated on observed pass rate and trainable rate, which exceeds a single 24 GB GPU; the harness-evolution component alone is API-feasible. Failure modes include harness overfitting to training tasks (the paper itself reports up to 7.7 points lost if the evolved harness is removed at deployment), acceptance decisions driven by noisy pass-rate estimates, and tool changes that help the current policy but degrade as the policy drifts.

    This is a Paperraft inference. It is not pinned to a verified PDF passage.

    Inspect the source
  2. claim 02Paperraft inference

    With a 9B base model, pass@1 improves over GRPO by 9.8, 12.6, and 6.4 percentage points on SWE-bench Verified, Multilingual, and Pro, and beats GRPO with the human-designed OpenHands harness; removing evolved tools and hooks at deployment costs up to 7.7 points.

    This is a Paperraft inference. It is not pinned to a verified PDF passage.

    Inspect the source

Exposure map

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quality

Still unknown

Which tasks improve, and which regress against the baseline?

compute and memory

Still unknown

What memory, hardware, and total compute does the complete method require?

latency

Still unknown

Are startup time, typical response time, and slow requests measured separately?

operations

Still unknown

What must be monitored, maintained, and rolled back?

software compatibility

Still unknown

Does the implementation support your model, runtime, and hardware?

security

Still unknown

What new data access, permissions, or trust boundaries does it introduce?

data and training

Still unknown

What data preparation or training is required, and is it included in the cost?

reproducibility

Still unknown

Are code, versions, inputs, and evaluation scripts available?

Continue the investigation

A reading guide for coding agents.

Editorial prompts, not findings from this paper or a validated test plan. Detailed analysis is still pending for the topics below.

What to inspect

Does the evaluation use held-out repositories and tests the agent cannot modify?

Plan a fair comparison

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Questions for adoption

How many tasks pass independent tests, and what is the cost per accepted change?

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Inside the paper

Preview the first 3 pages of the original PDF. Click the stack to turn the page.

The downloadable skill includes SKILL.md and evidence.json, with recorded findings and unanswered checks. TRY-IT.md adds a product test plan and a blank results sheet.

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Provisional research brief updated 2026-10-21. Paperraft has not reproduced this experiment.

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arXiv 2610.28069

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