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abstract indexed · arXiv 2610.17980 · updated 2026-10-18

Exact power indices for plurality-voting ensembles

First page of Exact power indices for plurality-voting ensembles
From the original paper · arXiv 2610.17980Page 1. Select the image to read the PDF.

ENPOWER replaces Monte Carlo sampling approximations of Shapley/Banzhaf values for plurality-voting ensembles with exact closed-form and generating-function algorithms, applied to ensemble pruning and prompt-based ensembling of vision-language models. Cost is low: it is a post-hoc combinatorial computation requiring no GPU training, only the base classifiers' predictions, with polynomial-time complexity that grows with class count and ensemble size. It can fail when the plurality-voting-with-random-tie-breaking model does not match the production aggregation rule (e.g., weighted or soft voting), and attribution-driven pruning may remove classifiers whose value depends on correlated errors that power indices do not capture.

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technical change
Exact Shapley/Banzhaf attribution for voting ensembles
published
2026-10-13

It is a cheap, exact, training-free attribution tool that fits constrained infrastructure, but its production value for pruning and prompt ensembling must be validated on the reader's specific ensemble before adoption.

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  1. claim 01Paperraft inference
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    ENPOWER replaces Monte Carlo sampling approximations of Shapley/Banzhaf values for plurality-voting ensembles with exact closed-form and generating-function algorithms, applied to ensemble pruning and prompt-based ensembling of vision-language models. Cost is low: it is a post-hoc combinatorial computation requiring no GPU training, only the base classifiers' predictions, with polynomial-time complexity that grows with class count and ensemble size. It can fail when the plurality-voting-with-random-tie-breaking model does not match the production aggregation rule (e.g., weighted or soft voting), and attribution-driven pruning may remove classifiers whose value depends on correlated errors that power indices do not capture.

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  2. claim 02Paperraft inference

    ENPOWER computes exact Banzhaf and Shapley power indices in linear time for binary and low-degree polynomial time for multiclass plurality-voting ensembles, replacing intractable exact computation or Monte Carlo approximation.

    This is a Paperraft inference. It is not pinned to a verified PDF passage.

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arXiv 2610.17980

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