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abstract indexed · arXiv 2609.19334 · updated 2026-10-18

A frontend-backend architecture for tool calls in full-duplex speech models

First page of A frontend-backend architecture for tool calls in full-duplex speech models
From the original paper · arXiv 2609.19334Page 1. Select the image to read the PDF.

The method replaces end-to-end tool-calling inside a full-duplex speech model with a delegation token that routes streaming ASR transcripts to a text LLM backend, injecting results back via a prefill-and-repeat mechanism. The cost is an extra backend LLM in the loop (with its latency and API or serving expense), plus training the frontend to emit delegation tokens and maintaining the transcript-injection plumbing. Failure modes include missed or spurious delegation tokens (roughly 3-8% recall loss and ~19% false-accept on irrelevant requests in their own evaluation), added response latency from the backend round-trip, and degradation of interruption handling if injection races with user barge-in.

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Frontend-backend delegation for tool calls in duplex speech
published
2026-09-16

Adopting this requires owning and fine-tuning a full-duplex speech frontend, which a constrained-infrastructure team consuming speech via third-party APIs cannot modify, so the architecture is worth tracking rather than deploying now.

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  1. claim 01Paperraft inference
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    The method replaces end-to-end tool-calling inside a full-duplex speech model with a delegation token that routes streaming ASR transcripts to a text LLM backend, injecting results back via a prefill-and-repeat mechanism. The cost is an extra backend LLM in the loop (with its latency and API or serving expense), plus training the frontend to emit delegation tokens and maintaining the transcript-injection plumbing. Failure modes include missed or spurious delegation tokens (roughly 3-8% recall loss and ~19% false-accept on irrelevant requests in their own evaluation), added response latency from the backend round-trip, and degradation of interruption handling if injection races with user barge-in.

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  2. claim 02Paperraft inference

    92-97% single-turn tool-call recall, 81.2% accuracy at rejecting irrelevant calls, and reported wins over GPT-realtime-mini and Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B-Instruct on EVA-Bench when paired with a Qwen3-235B-A22B backend.

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