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abstract indexed · arXiv 2609.18723 · updated 2026-10-18

Beyond Truncation: Rethinking LLM Decoding as Ensemble Pruning

First page of Beyond Truncation: Rethinking LLM Decoding as Ensemble Pruning
From the original paper · arXiv 2609.18723Page 1. Select the image to read the PDF.

ME-Decoding replaces probability-only candidate selection (e.g., top-k/top-p truncation and geometry-aware reweighting) with greedy subset pruning that discounts redundant token candidates using a Mahalanobis-distance similarity kernel over token embeddings, while leaving original probabilities otherwise intact. It costs access to token embeddings, construction of a candidate similarity matrix per step, and a near-linear greedy selection pass, which the authors describe as negligible inference overhead, but it adds implementation complexity and depends on embedding quality and kernel bandwidth calibration. It can fail through mis-tuned adaptive bandwidths that over-prune useful candidates or under-prune redundancy, degraded stability on out-of-distribution tasks, and the risk that reported gains do not transfer to the reader's specific models and workloads.

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technical change
Mahalanobis-Ensemble Decoding (geometry-aware candidate pruning)
published
2026-09-16

The method is a plug-and-play decoding module compatible with constrained infrastructure and API-adjacent workflows only if embeddings are accessible, so a workload-specific pilot against baseline sampling is warranted before production adoption given the absence of quantified claims in the abstract.

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    ME-Decoding replaces probability-only candidate selection (e.g., top-k/top-p truncation and geometry-aware reweighting) with greedy subset pruning that discounts redundant token candidates using a Mahalanobis-distance similarity kernel over token embeddings, while leaving original probabilities otherwise intact. It costs access to token embeddings, construction of a candidate similarity matrix per step, and a near-linear greedy selection pass, which the authors describe as negligible inference overhead, but it adds implementation complexity and depends on embedding quality and kernel bandwidth calibration. It can fail through mis-tuned adaptive bandwidths that over-prune useful candidates or under-prune redundancy, degraded stability on out-of-distribution tasks, and the risk that reported gains do not transfer to the reader's specific models and workloads.

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arXiv 2609.18723

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