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abstract indexed · arXiv 2609.18135 · updated 2026-10-18

DualSQL: Text-to-SQL with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

First page of DualSQL: Text-to-SQL with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
From the original paper · arXiv 2609.18135Page 1. Select the image to read the PDF.

DualSQL replaces the standard practice of training separate models for schema linking and SQL generation with two agents sharing one backbone, jointly optimized via multi-agent reinforcement learning with database access tools, rollout guardrails, and a new REX correctness metric for reward assignment. The cost is a full RL training pipeline: rollouts against live databases, reward computation via execution, guardrail machinery to prevent model collapse, and the engineering complexity of maintaining the agentic scaffold, none of which is an inference-time or API-level adoption. Failure modes include training instability and model collapse despite guardrails, reward misspecification from the REX metric, and database-dependent rollout costs that make iteration slow and expensive.

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Compare against

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Why it was shortlisted

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recommendation
watch
research area
multi-agent orchestration
technical change
Single-backbone multi-agent RL for Text-to-SQL
published
2026-09-16

The reported gains require multi-agent RL fine-tuning infrastructure with database-grounded rollouts, which exceeds the reader's compute and budget even at 4B scale, so the method is worth tracking but not yet adoptable in their production practice.

About the technical core

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Claims and evidence

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  1. claim 01Paperraft inference
    Read the brief interpretation

    DualSQL replaces the standard practice of training separate models for schema linking and SQL generation with two agents sharing one backbone, jointly optimized via multi-agent reinforcement learning with database access tools, rollout guardrails, and a new REX correctness metric for reward assignment. The cost is a full RL training pipeline: rollouts against live databases, reward computation via execution, guardrail machinery to prevent model collapse, and the engineering complexity of maintaining the agentic scaffold, none of which is an inference-time or API-level adoption. Failure modes include training instability and model collapse despite guardrails, reward misspecification from the REX metric, and database-dependent rollout costs that make iteration slow and expensive.

    This is a Paperraft inference. It is not pinned to a verified PDF passage.

    Inspect the source
  2. claim 02Paperraft inference

    DualSQL-4B reaches 68.0% execution accuracy on BIRD dev, matching prior 7B models; DualSQL-8B reaches 71.1%, outperforming prior 32B single-model solutions, trained on 3,755 examples.

    This is a Paperraft inference. It is not pinned to a verified PDF passage.

    Inspect the source

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quality

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compute and memory

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latency

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operations

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software compatibility

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security

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data and training

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reproducibility

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Plan a fair comparison

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Inside the paper

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Provisional research brief updated 2026-10-18. Paperraft has not reproduced this experiment.

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arXiv 2609.18135

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